What is String in C/C++?
The string can be defined as the combination of characters. String handling is used to manipulate strings such as finding a number of characters in a file or comparing two files. The string is commonly used with file handling.
File is a sequence of bytes. Input and output streams are used to store and retrieve strings in file.
Syntax of String
Data_type var_name[length];
For example
char name[40];
In the above statement, we declare a variable name with a length of 40 characters.
This variable occupies 40 bytes in memory.
One character occupies one byte in memory.
In other words, if we want to store a single character in computer we require one byte.
Exercise Question 5
Write a program that inputs a string and a character. It converts
each occurrence of the given character in the string to opposite case.
#include<iostream>
#include<string.h>
#include<ctype.h>
using namespace std;
main()
{
char ch, c, str[100];
int i, j, len;
cout<<"Enter a string:";
cin.getline(str, 100);
cout<<"Enter a character:";
cin>>ch;
len = strlen(str);
for(i=0; i<len; i++)
{
if(toupper(str[i]) == ch || tolower(str[i]) == ch)
{
c = str[i];
if(c>=65 && c<=90)
c = c + 32;
else if(c>=97 && c<=122)
c = c - 32;
str[i] = c;
}
}
cout<<str;
}
Following Functions are commonly used in String Handling
getline() Function
getline function is used to input a string from user. following is the syntax of this function
getline(string,length);strcpy() Function
strcpy() function is used to copy a string. Following is the syntax
strcpy(string1,string2);strrev() Function
This function is used to reverse a string.
Syntax:
strrev(string);strcmp() Function
This Function is used to compare two strings.
Syntax:
strcmp(string1,string2);
