What is String in C/C++?
String can be defined as the combination of characters. String handling is used to manipulate strings such as finding number of characters in a file or comparing two files. String are commonly used with file handling.
File is a sequence of bytes. Input and output streams are used to store and retrieve strings in file.
Syntax of String
Data_type var_name[length];
For example
char name[40];
In the above statement, we declare a variable name with a length of 40 characters.
This variable occupies 40 bytes in memory.
One character occupies one byte in memory.
In other words, if we want to store a single character in computer we require one byte.
Exercise Question 2
Write a program that inputs your name and displays number of words and number of characters without spaces in the your name.
#include<iostream>
#include<stdio.h>
using namespace std;
main()
{
char name[100];
int word, ch, i;
word = ch = i = 0;
cout<<"Enter Your Name:";
cin.getline(name, 100);
while(name[i]!='\0')//\0 means End of File Character.
{
if(name[i] ==' ')
word++;
else
ch++;
i++;
}
cout<<"Number of words in your name : "<<word+1<<endl;
cout<<"Number of characters in your name: "<<ch<<endl;
}
Following Functions are commonly used in String Handling
getline() Function
getline function is used to input a string from user. following is the syntax of this function
getline(string,length);strcpy() Function
strcpy() function is used to copy a string. Following is the syntax
strcpy(string1,string2);strrev() Function
This function is used to reverse a string.
Syntax:
strrev(string);strcmp() Function
This Function is used to compare two strings.
Syntax:
strcmp(string1,string2);
